Papers for Task Force Meeting on Future and Impacts of Artificial Intelligence, 15-17 August 1983

IIASA's Clearinghouse activity is oriented towards issues of interest among our National Member Organizations. Here, in the forefront, are the issues concerning the promise and impact of science and technology on society and economy in general, and some selected branches in particular. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising research areas. There are many indications that the long predicted upswing of this discipline is finally in the making. A recent survey had Nobel-laureates predict that the most influence in the next century will be made by computers, AI, and robotics. Already, at present, "expert" systems are emerging and applied; natural language understanding systems developed; AI principles are used in robots, flexible automation, computer aided-design, etc. All this will have an, as yet, unspecified social and economic impact on the activity of human beings, both at work and leisure. It certainly takes interdisciplinary and cross-culturally based studies to enhance the understanding of this complex phenomenon. This is the aim of our endeavors in the field which is in excess of our duty to pass useful knowledge to our constituency. We think that IIASA, cooperating in this respect with the Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies (ASCS), can develop some comparative advantage here. This publication contains papers written by leading personalities, both East and West, in the field of artificial intelligence on the future and impact of this emerging discipline. We hope that the meeting, where the papers will be discussed, will not only identify important areas where the impact of artificial intelligence will be felt most directly, but also find the most rewarding issues for further research

Impacts of Artificial Intelligence

This book, which is intended to serve as the first stage in an iterative process of detecting, predicting, and assessing the impacts of Artificial Intelligence opens with a short "one-hour course" in AI, which is intended to provide a nontechnical informative introduction to the material which follows. Next comes an overview chapter which is based on an extensive literature search, the position papers, and discussions. The next section of the book contains position papers whose richness and diversity illustrate the wealth of opinions and research directions that today fall under the umbrella term "AI research". The papers are followed by a select bibliography containing nearly 700 books, articles, and research memoranda on AI-related topics, together with a thesaurus and KWIC index to facilitate the retrieval of information. The book closes with and index and two appendices, one listing the names and addresses of the contributing scientists and the other giving details of the AI curriculum at the University of Vienna

Learning emotions in virtual environments

A modular hybrid neural network architecture, called SHAME, for emotion learning is introduced. The system learns from annotated data how the emotional state is generated and changes due to internal and external stimuli. Part of the modular architecture is domain independent and part must be\ud adapted to the domain under consideration.\ud The generation and learning of emotions is based on the event appraisal model.\ud The architecture is implemented in a prototype consisting of agents trying to survive in a virtual world. An evaluation of this prototype shows that the architecture is capable of\ud generating natural emotions and furthermore that training of the neural network modules in the architecture is computationally feasible.\ud Keywords: hybrid neural systems, emotions, learning, agents

Observations on humor act construction

We discuss the generation of humorous acts by embodied agents. How can a humorous act be constructed from the discourse and when should it be displayed? Rather than introducing algorithms for humorous act production we discuss the issues that are involved. From our observations it becomes clear that current research on affective computing, research on generating and interpreting facial expressions and research on embodied (and intelligent) agents can and should be combined with humor research. Results can help to design new and interesting applications in human-computer interaction using embodied agents